India Facing Growing Discontent In South Asia – OpEd

India, long seen as a dominant force in South Asian geopolitics, is now facing significant regional resistance. A growing anti-India sentiment, particularly in nations like the Maldives, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan, has led to the emergence of the “India Out” movement. This movement is fueled by allegations of political interference, economic pressure, and intelligence operations aimed at influencing neighboring governments.

As India attempts to maintain its strategic influence in the region, its methods are being increasingly scrutinized. From allegations of election interference to economic coercion, the perception that India is imposing its agenda beyond its borders is fueling frustration among its neighbors. This article explores the factors behind the “India Out” movement, the political landscape it is reshaping, and its potential implications for South Asian geopolitics. India’s foreign policy has traditionally aimed at securing its neighborhood to counterbalance China’s growing influence. However, its aggressive diplomatic maneuvers, economic dependencies, and intelligence strategies have sparked opposition in several countries.

While India presents itself as a stabilizing force, critics argue that it often prioritizes its own strategic interests at the expense of its neighbors’ sovereignty. For example, the Maldives has been a focal point of India’s regional strategy. However, the election of Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu, who openly opposes Indian military presence in the country, signaled a shift in policy. His administration has begun expelling Indian military personnel, marking a major setback for India’s strategic foothold. Similarly, in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan, public discontent against India’s influence is growing, leading to widespread protests and political realignments.

One of the central claims fueling the “India Out” movement is that India’s intelligence agencies manipulate public narratives and elections in neighboring countries. In Nepal, for instance, reports suggest that India has interfered in elections to favor pro-India candidates while suppressing opposition voices. Similarly, in Bangladesh, India has been accused of supporting Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s administration, which many believe prioritizes Indian interests over national sovereignty. The fall of Sheikh Hasina’s government exposed these tensions, as opposition leaders capitalized on anti-India sentiments to gain political momentum. The movement is now expanding beyond governance issues to include economic and cultural factors, further solidifying resistance against India’s dominance.

India’s economic strength has long been a tool for regional influence. By controlling trade routes, investments, and infrastructure projects, India has maintained a dominant position in South Asia’s economic landscape. However, countries like Bangladesh and the Maldives are now actively seeking economic diversification to reduce dependency on India. For instance, Bangladesh is expanding trade partnerships with China and other nations to counterbalance Indian economic control. Similarly, the Maldives is shifting its foreign policy to attract new economic allies, challenging India’s long-held dominance in the region. This diversification is not only reducing India’s leverage but also signaling a broader shift in regional power dynamics. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has gained traction in Nepal and Bangladesh, offering economic incentives that challenge India’s dominance. The Maldives, under President Muizzu, is also pivoting towards China, signaling a realignment in regional geopolitics. If these trends continue, India’s strategic position in South Asia could weaken significantly.

Beyond politics and economics, India’s cultural influence has also become a point of contention. Indian movies, music, and entertainment have historically played a significant role in shaping South Asian popular culture. However, anti-India movements in Bangladesh and the Maldives are now calling for a boycott of Indian products, entertainment, and businesses. The frustration is not just about cultural dominance but also about the perception that India uses its soft power to reinforce its political influence. The “India Out” movement in Bangladesh, for example, has evolved into a broader call to resist Indian cultural imposition, linking consumer choices to political sovereignty

In response to these growing challenges, India has doubled down on diplomatic engagement and strategic partnerships. However, its heavy-handed approach in the past has fueled resistance rather than goodwill. Moving forward, India may need to adopt a more balanced strategy, one that respects the sovereignty of its neighbors while maintaining strong regional partnerships. 

The current situation serves as a critical wake-up call for Indian policymakers. If India continues to rely on coercive tactics, it risks further alienating its neighbors and strengthening anti-India sentiments. On the other hand, a more diplomatic, cooperative approach could help rebuild trust and stabilize India’s regional influence. India faces a critical choice: either adapt to the changing geopolitical landscape with a more cooperative approach or risk further isolation. The coming years will be crucial in determining whether India can maintain its strategic influence in South Asia or if a new regional order will emerge in its place.