Why Sharia Is Not Enough In Afghanistan – OpEd

The resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan has reignited global concerns over human rights violations under their rule. Since their return to power in August 2021, the Taliban have consistently demonstrated an authoritarian approach that starkly contrasts with universally recognized human rights norms.

From restricting freedom of expression to systematic oppression of women, the Taliban regime has raised critical questions about its compatibility with the ideals of human rights. This article explores whether the Taliban’s governance inherently opposes human rights principles or if there is any scope for alignment between the two.

The Taliban claim to operate within the framework of Sharia law, which they interpret through a strict and ultra-conservative lens. This interpretation often manifests in policies that curtail freedoms and deny basic rights. Public executions, restrictions on women’s education and employment, and the suppression of dissent have become hallmarks of their rule.

While the Taliban argue that their governance reflects a moral and religious code, these justifications fail to address their widespread violations of international human rights standards, such as those enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). By prioritizing their narrow interpretation of religious principles over globally recognized norms, the Taliban have created a governance model that inherently conflicts with human rights.

The Taliban’s rule has been marked by widespread repression of freedoms, particularly those related to speech, assembly, and gender equality. Reports from organizations such as the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and Human Rights Watch consistently highlight cases of arbitrary arrests, torture, and executions under Taliban authority.

One of the most glaring examples of this repression is the crackdown on press freedom. Journalists, activists, and dissidents face constant threats, with many being detained, tortured, or silenced. According to UNAMA’s 2024 report, over 336 documented violations against journalists occurred between 2021 and 2024. This systematic targeting of the media undermines democratic accountability and denies the Afghan people access to independent information. The Taliban’s treatment of women is another stark violation of human rights. Women have been systematically excluded from public life, with bans on education, employment, and even access to public spaces. Female journalists and activists face heightened risks, and many have been forced into exile or silenced entirely. These actions not only violate gender equality principles but also rob Afghan society of the valuable contributions of half its population.

The inherent question arises: can the Taliban adapt their governance to align with human rights principles? Historically, their rigid stance on Sharia law suggests otherwise. While the Taliban have occasionally made symbolic gestures, such as participating in international dialogues, these actions often lack substantive follow-through. The Taliban’s approach reflects a broader unwillingness to engage with the global human rights discourse. Their governance prioritizes control and conformity over pluralism and individual freedoms, creating an environment where human rights are secondary to maintaining their authority. This rigid framework leaves little room for reconciliation between their rule and the principles of human dignity, equality, and freedom.

The Taliban’s policies disproportionately affect women, highlighting the gendered nature of their human rights violations. Women in Afghanistan face restrictions that severely limit their participation in public and private life. Educational institutions for girls above sixth grade remain closed, barring millions of young girls from accessing opportunities for self-development. In addition, employment restrictions have forced women out of the workforce, further exacerbating Afghanistan’s economic challenges. By sidelining women, the Taliban not only perpetuate gender inequality but also deprive Afghan society of the diverse perspectives and talents necessary for holistic growth and development. These policies also have long-term implications for Afghanistan’s social fabric. A generation of women is growing up without education, access to public spaces, or professional opportunities, creating a societal divide that will take decades to bridge.

The Taliban’s rule and human rights appear to be fundamentally at odds, rooted in their rigid ideological framework that prioritizes control over individual freedoms. Their systemic violations of press freedom, women’s rights, and freedom of expression highlight an urgent need for international action. While the Taliban’s governance model may not align with human rights norms, persistent global efforts can create opportunities for incremental change. The international community must remain steadfast in its commitment to human rights, advocating for the Afghan people’s dignity, freedom, and equality, even in the face of resistance from authoritarian regimes. Only through such efforts can Afghanistan hope to move toward a future where human rights and governance coexist harmoniously.